How Did Mpox Become a Global Emergency? What’s Next?

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The virus is evolving, and the newest version spreads more often through heterosexual populations. But the vaccines should still work.

A doctor in yellow protective gear and white gloves examines the head of a young boy in a makeshift tent.
Dr. Tresor Wakilongo examines the skin lesions of child with mpox at a treatment center in Munigi, Democratic Republic of Congo. Credit...Arlette Bashizi/Reuters

Apoorva Mandavilli

By Apoorva Mandavilli

Apoorva Mandavilli covered the 2022 mpox outbreak and the Covid-19 pandemic.

Aug. 15, 2024, 11:49 a.m. ET

Faced once again with a rapidly spreading epidemic of mpox, the World Health Organization on Wednesday declared a global health emergency. The last time the W.H.O. made that call was in 2022, when the disease was still called monkeypox.

Ultimately the outbreak affected nearly 100,000 people worldwide, primarily gay and bisexual men, including more than 32,000 in the United States.

The W.H.O.’s decision this time was prompted by an escalating crisis of mpox concentrated in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It recently spread to a dozen other African countries. If it is not contained, the virus again may rampage all over the world, experts warned.

“There’s a need for concerted effort by all stakeholders, not only in Africa, but everywhere else,” Dr. Dimie Ogoina, a Nigerian scientist and chair of the W.H.O.’s mpox emergency committee, said on Wednesday.

Congo alone has reported 15,600 mpox cases and 537 deaths, most of them among children under 15, indicating that the nature of the disease and its mode of spread may have changed.

Here’s what to know.



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